Using Statistics in Small-Scale Language Education Research : Focus on Non-Parametric Data

Section I Foundations; 1 What Is Research?; 2 Defining and Describing Variables; 3 Designing Sound Research-Variable Roles, Threats to Validity, and Research Design; 4 How Are Research Questions Formed and What Are the Parts of Well-Written Research Reports?; 5 What Is Logical About Statistical Logic and What Purposes Does It Serve?; Section II Analyzing Differences Between Two Sets of Data; 6 The Parametric t-Test Statistics; 7 The Non-parametric Wilcoxon Rank Sum and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Statistics.Section III Analyzing Differences Among More Than Two Sets of Data8 Introduction to the Parametric Between-Groups Analysis of Variance Statistic; 9 The Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman's Test Statistics; Section IV Analyzing Patterns Within a Variable and Between Two Variables; 10 The Parametric Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Statistic; 11 The Non-parametric Spearman's rho and Kendall's tau Statistics; 12 The Non-parametric Chi-Squared Statistics; References; Index.