Applied software measurement : global analysis of productivity and quality / Capers Jones

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Cover
About the Author
Copyright
Dedication
Contents at a Glance
Contents
Foreword
Preface to the Third Edition
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Introduction
Applied Software Measurement
Planning and Estimation
Management and Technical Staffs
Organization Structures
Methodologies and Tools
The Office Environment
Reusability
The Essential Aspects of Applied Software Measurement
What Do Companies Measure?
Benchmarks and Industry Measures
Measurement and the Software Life Cycle
The Structure of a Full Applied Software Measurement System
The Sociology of Software Measurement
The Sociology of Data Confidentiality
The Sociology of Using Data for Staff Performance Targets
The Sociology of Measuring One-Person Projects
The Sociology of MIS vs. Systems Software
The Sociology of Measurement Expertise
Justifying and Building an Applied Software Measurement Function
Applied Software Measurement and Future Progress
Suggested Readings
Additional Readings on Software Measurement and Metrics
Chapter 2. The History and Evolution of Software Metrics
Evolution of the Software Industry and Evolution of Software Measurements
The Cost of Counting Function Point Metrics
The Paradox of Reversed Productivity for High-Level Languages
The Varieties of Functional Metrics Circa 2008
Variations in Application Size and Productivity Rates
Future Technical Developments in Functional Metrics
Summary of and Conclusions About Functional Metrics
Software Measures and Metrics Not Based on Function Points
Suggested Readings on Measures and Metrics
Chapter 3. United States Averages for Software Productivity and Quality
Sources of Possible Errors in the Data
Significant Software Technology Changes Between 1990 and 2008
Changes in the Structure, Format, and Contents of the Third Edition
Variations in Software Development Practices Among Seven Sub-Industries
Ranges, Averages, and Variances in Software Productivity
The Impact of Technology on Software Productivity and Quality Levels
Technology Warnings and Counterindications
Using Function Point Metrics to Set “Best in Class” Targets
Chapter 4. The Mechanics of Measurement: Building a Baseline
Software Assessments
Software Baselines
Software Benchmarks
What a Baseline Analysis Covers
Developing or Acquiring a Baseline Data Collection Instrument
Administering the Data Collection Questionnaire
Analysis and Aggregation of the Baseline Data
Suggested Readings
Additional Readings
Chapter 5. Measuring Software Quality and User Satisfaction
New Quality Information Since the Earlier Editions
Quality Control and International Competition
Defining Quality for Measurement and Estimation
Five Steps to Software Quality Control
Software Quality Control in the United States
Measuring Software Defect Removal
Measuring Defect Removal Efficiency
Finding and Eliminating Error-Prone Modules
Using Metrics to Evaluate Test-Case Coverage
Using Metrics for Reliability Prediction
Measuring the Costs of Defect Removal
Evaluating Defect Prevention Methods
Measuring Customer-Reported Defects
Measuring Invalid Defects, Duplicate Defects, and Special Cases
Measuring User Satisfaction
Combining User Satisfaction and Defect Data
Summary and Conclusions
Reading List
Suggested Readings
Additional References on Software Quality and Quality Measurements
Chapter 6. Measurements, Metrics, and Industry Leadership
What Do Companies Measure?
Measures and Metrics of Industry Leaders
Measures, Metrics, and Innovation
Measurements, Metrics, and Outsource Litigation
Measurements, Metrics, and Behavioral Changes
Topics Outside the Scope of Current Measurements
Cautions Against Simplistic and Hazardous Measures and Metrics
Commercial Software Measurement Tools
Summary and Conclusions
Suggested Readings on Measurement and Metrics
Chapter 7. Summary of Problems in Software Measurement
Synthetic vs. Natural Metrics
Ambiguity in Defining the Nature, Scope, Class, and Type of Software
Ambiguity in Defining and Measuring the Activities and Tasks of Software Projects
False Advertising and Fraudulent Productivity Claims
The Absence of Project Demographic and Occupation Group Measurement
Ambiguity in the Span of Control and Organizational Measurements
The Missing Link of Measurement: When Do Projects Start?
Ambiguity in Measuring Milestones, Schedules, Overlap, and Schedule Slippage
Problems with Overlapping Activities
Leakage from Software Project Resource Tracking Data
Ambiguity in Standard Time Metrics
Inadequate Undergraduate and Graduate Training in Software Measurement and Metrics
Inadequate Standards for Software Measurement
Lack of Standardization of “Lines of Source Code” Metrics
The Hazards and Problems of Ratios and Percentages
Ambiguity in Measuring Development or Delivery Productivity
Ambiguity in Measuring Complexity
Ambiguity in Functional Metrics
Ambiguity in Quality Metrics
Ambiguity with the Defects per KLOC Metric
Ambiguity with the Cost per Defect Metric
Failure to Measure Defect Potentials and Defect Removal Efficiency
The Problems of Measuring the Impact of “Soft” Factors
Problems in Measuring Software Value
Lack of Effective Measurement and Metrics Automation
Social and Political Resistance to Software Measurements
Ambiguity in Software Measurement and Metrics Terminology
Failure to Use Metrics for Establishing Goals and Targets
Summary and Conclusions
Suggested Readings
Additional References on Software Measurements
Appendix. Rules for Counting Procedural Source Code
Project Source Code Counting Rules
General Rules for Counting Code Within Applications
Examples of the SPR Source Code Counting Rules
Software Productivity Research COBOL-Counting Rules
Index

"Accurately size, estimate, and administer software projects with real-world guidance from an industry expert. Fully updated to cover the latest tools and techniques, Applied Software Measurement, Third Edition details how to deploy a cost-effective and pragmatic analysis strategy. You will learn how to use function points and baselines, implement benchmarks and tracking systems, and perform efficiency tests. Full coverage of the latest regulations, metrics, and standards is included.

Measure performance at the requirements, coding, testing, and installation phases
Set function points for efficiency, cost, market share, and customer satisfaction
Analyze quality and productivity using assessments, benchmarks, and baselines
Design and manage project cost, defect, and quality tracking systems
Use object-oriented, reusable component, Agile, CMM, and XP methods
Assess defect removal efficiency using unit tests and multistage test suites"--